Dynamic Meteorology

(WAPE: General Circulation of the Atmosphere and Synoptic Meteorology)
François Lott, flott@lmd.ens.fr, Aymeric Spiga, aymeric.spiga@sorbonne-universite.fr

Contents and tools: equations, diagnostics (dynamics and statistics), and simple toy theoretical models

1) Mean climatologies and equations of motion

Composition and definition of the various layers of the neutral atmosphere, zonal mean climatologies.

Static relations, hydrostatic balance, stratification. Primitive equations in spherical coordinates (log-pressure and Boussinesq), geostrophic and thermal wind balance.

Tutorials 1 (Static relations)

2) Time-mean large scale circulations explained in terms of angular momentum conservation

Mid and high latitude jets in the troposphere and middle atmosphere. Trade winds and monsoonal flow in the tropical troposphere

Conservation of angular momentum.

Toy model 1: shallow water theory for the upper level jets, and for the trade winds and monsoonal flow in the tropics.

Tutorials 2 (Exact sols with Toy model 1)

3) Meridional circulations and the role of the eddies

Hadley and Ferrel cells (troposphere). Brewer-Dobson circulation (middle atmosphere). Relation with 0₃ and H₂O

Eulerian and transformed Eulerian mean formalisms for the interaction between waves and the mean flow. Eliassen Palm flux

Tutorials 3 (Exact sols withToy model 1)

4) Midlatitudes troposheric variability

Synoptic eddies and low frequency variability. Dominant patterns of low frequency variability: teleconnections, blockings, North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific North American pattern, Arctic Oscillation

Level 0 statistics: variance, co-variance, teleconnections and EOFs

Tutorials 4 (non-hydrostatic Gravity waves dynamics: Saint Andrews cross)

5) Synoptic scale variability and baroclinic instability

Eady waves and baroclinic instability; Significance of the tropopause; life-cycle of baroclinic waves.

Toy model 2 for baroclinic instabilty where 2 Eady waves interact to yield a baroclinic instability (Quasi-geostrophic (QG) theory)

Tutorials 5 (Derivation of Toy model 2)

6) Midlatitude stratospheric variabilities and sudden stratospheric warmings

Vertically propagating Rossby waves: life cycle and breaking yielding stratospheric warming

Toy model 3 for Rossby wave vertical propagation and breaking (QG Theory)

Tutorials 6 ( Rossby wave dynamics and vertical propagartion in Toy model 3)

7) Tropospheric equatorial variability

The inter-annual El Nino Southern Oscillation, the intra-seasonnal Madden Julian Oscillation, The convectively coupled equatorial waves.

Toy model 4: Shallow water equatorial wave theory adapted to a continuously stratified atmosphere

Tutorials 7 (Kelvin wave vertical propagation in Toy model 4 but for a compressible atmosphere)

8) Stratospheric equatorial variability

Equatorial waves and Quasi-Biennal Oscilllation of the zonal mean zonal winds

Toy model 5 of the quasi biennal oscillation involving two gravity waves interacting with the zonal mean wind

Tutorials 8 (Hydrostatic gravity waves dynamics needed in Toy model 5)

Controle continu. A rendre le 23 Novembre 2023